Emergency Number 112: Europe's Universal Rescue Number Explained

What is 112?

112 is the single European emergency number, established by the European Parliament and mandatory across all EU member states since 1998. It connects callers to police, fire or ambulance depending on the nature of the call. Beyond the EU, 112 is also active in many other countries including India, South Africa, South Korea, and parts of Latin America.

Where does 112 work?

As of 2025, 112 is functional in more than 80 countries. It always works in:

• All 27 EU member states
• EEA countries: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway
• UK (re-routed to 999 operators)
• Switzerland, Turkey and many Balkan nations
• India (links to 100/101/102 services)
• Australia (re-routed to 000)

Check our General Emergency directory for a full country-by-country list.

Can I call 112 without a SIM card or mobile signal?

Yes — this is one of 112's most important features. Under EU regulations, mobile phones must be able to connect to 112 even without a SIM card, and networks are required to allow any available network (not just your own operator) to carry the call. This means even a locked or credit-depleted phone can reach emergency services via 112.

Will the operator know my location?

In most EU countries, the operator automatically receives your approximate location when you call 112 from a mobile phone. The eCall system in modern vehicles can also transmit GPS coordinates automatically in a crash. If you can, always state your location verbally as well for faster response.

112 vs national numbers: which should I use?

Either will work, but consider this:

• Use 112 if you are abroad, unsure of the local number, or have no SIM card.
• Use the national number (e.g. 999 in the UK, 110 in Germany) if you are in your home country — operators may be more familiar with local geography.
• In countries where 112 is not available, you must use the national number. Always check the local number at our country directory before travelling.

Text-to-112 (SMS emergency)

Many countries now support SMS to 112 for people who are deaf, hard of hearing or in situations where speaking is dangerous. Registration with your mobile operator may be required. Check with your carrier before travelling.

Quick reference: common emergency numbers